In Japanese, there are many particles that are added to the end of a sentence. They express the speaker's emotions, doubt, emphasis, caution, hesitation, wonder, admiration, and so on. Some sentence ending particles distinguish male or female speech. Many of them don't translate easily. Click here for "Sentence Ending Particles (1)".
No
(1) Indicates an explanation or emotive emphasis. Used only by women or children in an informal situation.
これ自分で作ったの｡
I made this myself.
おなかが痛いの｡
I have stomachache.
(2) Makes a sentence into a question (with a rising intonation). Informal version of "~ no desu ka （～のですか）".
明日来ないの？
Aren't you coming tomorrow?
どうしたの？
What's the matter with you?
Sa
Emphasizes the sentence. Used mainly by men.
そんなことは分かっているさ｡
I certainly know of such a thing.
始めからうまくできないのは当たり前さ｡
It's natural (indeed) that you can't do well when you first starts.
Wa
Used only by women. It can have both an emphatic function and a softening effect.
わたしがするわ。
I'll do it.
先生に聞いたほうがいいと思うわ｡
I think it would be better to ask the teacher.
Yo
(1) Emphasizes a command.
勉強しなさいよ！
Study!
怒らないでよ！
Don't get so angry at me!
(2) Indicates moderate emphasis, especially useful when the speaker provides a new piece of information.
あの映画はすごく良かったよ｡
That movie was very good.
彼は煙草を吸わないよ｡
He doesn't smoke, you know.
Ze
Elicits an agreement. Used only by men in casual conversation among colleagues, or with those whose social status is below that of the speaker.
飲みに行こうぜ｡
Let's go for a drink!
Zo
Emphasizes one's opinion or judgment. Used mainly by men.
行くぞ｡
I'm going!
これは重いぞ｡
This is heavy, I tell you.
