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Here are some expressions to describe physical conditions. Pain is usually described using the adjective "itai (painful, sore)".
| atama ga itai 頭が痛い |
to have a headache |
| ha ga itai 歯が痛い |
to have a toothache |
| nodo ga itai のどが痛い |
to have a sore throat |
| onaka ga itai おなかが痛い |
to have a stomachache |
| seki ga deru せきがでる |
to have a cough |
| hana ga deru 鼻がでる |
to have a runny nose |
| netsu ga aru 熱がある |
to have a fever |
| samuke ga suru 寒気がする |
to have a chill |
| karada ga darui 体がだるい |
to feel a lack of energy |
| shokuyoku ga nai 食欲がない |
to have no appetite |
| memai ga suru めまいがする |
to feel dizzy |
| kaze o hiku 風邪をひく |
to catch a cold |
Click here to learn the vocabulary of body parts.
When describing your conditions to a doctor, "~n desu" is often added at the end of the sentence. It has an explanatory function. To express "I have a cold," "kaze o hikimashita （風邪をひきました）" or "kaze o hiiteimasu （風邪をひいています）" is used.
| Atama ga itai n desu. 頭が痛いんです｡ |
I have a headache. |
| Netsu ga aru n desu. 熱があるんです｡ |
I have a fever. |
Here is how to express degrees of pain.
| totemo itai とても痛い |
very painful |
| sukoshi itai 少し痛い |
a little bit painful |
Onomatopoeic expressions are also used to express degrees of pain. "Gan gan （がんがん）" or "zuki zuki （ずきずき）" is used to describe headaches. "Zuki zuki （ずきずき）" or "shiku shiku （しくしく）" is used for toothaches and "kiri kiri （きりきり）" or "shiku shiku （しくしく）" for stomachaches.
| gan gan がんがん |
pounding headache |
| zuki zuki ずきずき |
throbbing pain |
| shiku shiku しくしく |
dull pain |
| kiri kiri きりきり |
sharp continuous pain |
| hiri hiri ひりひり |
burning pain |
| chiku chiku ちくちく |
prickly pain |
Click here to learn more vocabulary and useful expressions for health problems.
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